To all,
Please answer one of the questions at the end of Chapter 4. You cannot answer the same question as a classmate. You must indicate the number of the question you are answering and you must repeat the question you answer.
Please complete this by Monday evening.
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Question 21 Dina Saleh
Chapter 4 Review
#21 Identify the two necessary elements that meet the scope of a reasonable stop?
The scope of a reasonable stop has two elements :1)A short duration- the US Supreme court has declined to adopt a specific time limit on stops, giving officer plenty of room for discretionary decision making 2)On the Spot Investigation- Investigation requirement a)Freeze of a stop to take place where the officer stops the suspect.b)Officers have some leeway to move suspects a short distance.
question 9
Describe the two clauses that make up the Fourth Amendment approach.
Reasonable clause" The right of the people to br secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonble searches and seizures shall not be violated".
Warrant clause" and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons things to be seized".
Question #22, Page 147
22. Identify three elements of a lawful frisk.
1. A lawful stop.
2. Reasonable suspicion
the suspect is armed.
3. A once-over-lightly pat down of
outer clothing to detect
weapons.
Question #7:
Identify the three steps in the analysis used to decide whether stops and frisks are reasonable Fourth Amendment search and seizures.
Answer:
The three steps in the analysis used to decide whether stops and frisks are reasonable Fourth Amendment search and seizures are;
1. Was the officer’s action a stop or a frisk?
2. If the officer’s action was a stop or a frisk, was it unreasonable?
3. If the stop or frisk was unreasonable, should evidence obtained during the stop and/or frisk be excluded from legal proceedings against the defendants?
Im not sure what question # this is because I have a different edition book, but the question is, Identify and define two types of facts officers can rely on in building reasonable suspicion?
1.Direct Information, this is facts officers learn firsthand from what they themselves see, hear, smell, and touch.
2.Hearsay Information, this is facts officers learn secondhand from what victims, witnesses, other police officers, and anonymous, professional, or paid informants tell them they've seen, heard, smelled, and felt.
Mia Carson
Chapter 4
Question 2
How do stops differ from arrests?
Stops are breif seizures that require reasonable suspicion to back them up. In contrast, arrests are longer detentions in police stations that require probable cause to justify them (Samah 145).
Question #4. Why do stops and frisks have a greater impact on opinions of police power than arrests and searches?
Answer: Since stops and frisks take place in public, the display of police power is the public's opinion of police power more than the greater invasions by arrest and searches that we never see.
Question #15 Reasonable stops depend on two elements. Identify and describe each.
For a stop to be reasonable, it has to be short, and on-the-spot location of the investigation. There is not set time limit for a stop to occur, but it may become unreasonable after twenty minutes. This is the case because it gives the Officer plenty of time to search for warrants, runs tags, and etc. Second a stop must be on the spot investigation. This means that an Officer can't require a person to so much that it would limit their freedom or make them think they were under arrest.
I have a different edition text book.
Question 11 What is the objective basis of a frisk? List three examples of what might constitute this basis.
The objecive basis of a frisk is to help protect officers by allowing them to check individuals for weapons. Three examples that constitute a frisk are when officers witness suspicious behavior, people loitering in high crime areas, or when individuals flee once they see the police.
Question #18
Can race be used in building reasonable suspicion? Explain?
Race and ethnicity can not be used for reasonable suspicion says,the Supreme Court, "race and ethnicity by themselves could never amount to reasonable suspicion". However, lower courts made it clear that race and ethnicity is used as a part of reasonable suspicion. Facts are it's a part of reality. Race and ethnicity are "building blocks" in reasonable suspicion. Which means when a witness identifies their attacker the first block they speak of is race; and then it's categorical circumstances afterwards.
12. describe and sumarize the significance of Terry V.Ohio.
three men were casing a store to rob and an officer was there and observed the gentlemen acting susicpious and continued to observe them. he observed them acting suscipious in front of another store and decieded it was time to find out what they were up to.the officer approached the gentlemen and asked for his saftey and theirs he was going to search them, upon searching them he found two hand guns on two of the gentlmen and deciede to arrest them for carrying a concealed weapon. the defense tried to throw it out by saying they were doing nothing wrong and the officer had no reason to search them. the court disagreed and upheld the decision and found the men guilty, believing no rights were violated for the search or pat down that found the weapons.
Question #19 Chapter 4 review...
What is the difference between individualized suspision and a profile? Individualized suspsion consists of facts that would tell both the officer on the street and a cort ruling on a supression motion whether or not there was a reasonable suspision. Profiles consists of lists of circumstances that might or might not be linked to certain types of behaviors such as terrorism and drug couriers.
Question 20. Anitra Williams
Identify seven primary characteristics and four secondary characteristics of drug couriers.
Answer. Primary Characteristics. 1.Arriving or departing from "source" cities.
2. Carrying little or no luggage, or empty suitcase.
3. Traveling by an unusual itinerary.
4. Using an alias
5. Carrying unusually large amounts of cash.
6. Purchasing tickets with large numbers of small bills.
7. Appearing unusually nervous.
SECONDARY CHARACTERISTICS
1. Using public transportation when leaving airports.
2. Making telephone calls immediately after getting off the plane.
3. Leaving false or fictitious callback numbers when leaving the plane.
4. Making excessively frequent trips to source or distribution cities.
Question 14
Identify three catergories for analyzing police encounters with individuals.
1)Voluntary encounters. these fall outside the Fourth Amendment if there's no coercion or detention.
2)Stops. These are brief "seizures" that require reasonable suspicion to back them up.
3)Arrests. These are longer detentions in police stations that require probable cause to justify them.
QUESTION #10
BEATRICE DEJESUS
CHAPTER 4
IDENTIFY THE TWO PRONGS TO THE REASONABLENESS TEST?
THE REASONABLENESS TEST CONSISTS OF TWO ELEMENTS THE GOVERNMENT HAT TO PROVE.
1) BALANCING ELEMENT. THE NEED TO SEARCH & SEIZE OUTWEIGHS THE INVASION OF LIBERTY AND PRIVACY RIGHTS OF THE INDIVIDUAL.
2)OBJECTIVE BASIS. THERE ARE FACTS TO BACK UP TH SEARCH AND SEIZER.
A. REASONABLE SUSPICION IS REQUIRED TO BACK UP STOPS AND FRISKS.
B. PROBABLE CAUSE IS REQUIRED FOR ARRESTS AND FULL BLOWN SEARCHES.
C. BOTH REQUIRE INDIVIDUALIZED SUSPICION.
Question#23
What's reasonable suspicion to frisk? Resonable suspicon to frisk anyone can be any abnormale behavior that a person show to a police officer,you do not need a lot of facts just a little suspicon can lead to a frisk.
aquil2008/kareema shakur
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